Penggunaan Have Kata Kerja “have“, mempunyai banyak penggunaan dalam Bahasa Inggris. Kita bisa menggunakannya untuk menyatakan “Kepunyaan”, “Hubungan” dan lain sebagainya yang menyatakan sebuah aktivitas dan pengalaman. Kalau kita menggunakan kata “have” untuk menyatakan kepunyaan, hubungan dan bentuk pernyataan lainnya, maka kata “have” dan “have got” dapat dipakai I have a house in the country. I have got a house in the country. I don’t have any brothers or sisters. I haven’t got any brothers or sisters. Do you have a cold? Have you got a cold? Tetapi kalau kita ingin menyatakan sebuah aktivitas dan pengalaman, maka kata “have” sajalah yang dapat digunakan. “have got” tidak dapat dipakai She is having a shower at the moment BUKAN She is having got a shower at the moment We are going to have a party next month BUKAN We are going to have got a party next month They had an argument BUKAN They had got an argument Namun kalau kita ragu, lebih aman kita gunakan saja “have“, sebab bisa dipakai dalam situasi apapun seperti penjelasan di atas. Perhatikan contoh-contoh berikut ini I/you/we/they have got a cold. He/she/it has got a cold. I/you/we/they haven’t got a cold. He/she/it hasn’t got a cold. Have I/you/we/they got a cold? Has he/she/it got a cold? I/you/we/they have a cold. He/she/it has a cold. I/you/we/they don’t have a cold. He/she/it doesn’t have a cold. Do I/you/we/they have a cold? Does he/she/it have a cold? “Have” dan “have got” keduanya digunakan untuk menunjukkan kepemilikan. Contoh “I have a pen”, dan “I have got a pen” memiliki makna yang sama Saya punya sebuah pulpen. Berikut beberapa poin utama yang perlu diperhatikan ketika memilih kapan menggunakan have dan kapan menggunakan have got. Have Bentuk simple present dari have adalah sebagai berikut. Tunggal Afirmatif I have a pen You have a pen She has a pen He has a pen It has a pen Negatif I do not have a pen = I don’t have a pen You do not have a pen = You don’t have a pen She does not have a pen = She doesn’t have a pen He does not have a pen = He doesn’t have a pen It does not have a pen = It doesn’t have a pen Pertanyaan Do I have a pen? Do you have a pen? Does she has a pen? Does he has a pen? Does it have a pen? Jamak Afirmatif We have a pen You have a pen They have a pen Negatif We do not have a pen = We don’t have a pen You do not have a pen = You don’t have a pen They do not have a pen = They don’t have a pen Pertanyaan Do we have a pen? Do you have a pen? Do they have a pen? Kita bisa membuat pertanyaan dengan kata have dengan menggunakan kata kerja bantu “to do.” Sebagai contoh - Positif You have a pen. - Bertanya Do you have a pen? - Have you a pen? Ini umumnya tidak benar, walaupun terkadang ditemukan dalam bahasa Inggris Britis. Kata kerja have sering disingkat dalam Bahasa Inggris, tetapi apabila have digunakan untuk menunjukkan kepemilikan kita tidak boleh menggunakan singkatan. Jika kita ingin menyingkat have maka kita harus menggunakan have got lihat berikut. Contoh I’ve a pen. He’s a pen. Kalimat ini tidak benar. Jika do not dan does not menyertai have maka do not atau does not bisa disingkat menjadi don’t dan doesn’t. Sebagai contoh He doesn’t have a pen = He does not have a pen. Bentuk simple present dari have got adalah sebagai berikut. Have got Tunggal Afirmatif I have got a pen = I’ve got a pen You have got a pen = You’ve got a pen She has got a pen = She’s got a pen He has got a pen = He’s got a pen It has got a pen = It’s got a pen Negatif I have not got a pen = I haven’t got a pen You have not got a pen = You haven’t got a pen She has not got a pen = She hasn’t got a pen He has not got a pen = He hasn’t got a pen It has not got a pen = It hasn’t got a pen Pertanyaan Have I got a pen? Have you got a pen? Has he got a pen? Has she got a pen? Has it got a pen? Jamak Afirmatif We have got a pen = We’ve got a pen You have got a pen = You’ve got a pen They have got a pen = They’ve got a pen Negatif We have not got a pen = We haven’t got a pen You have not got a pen = You haven’t got a pen They have not got a pen = They haven’t got a pen Pertanyaan Have we got a pen? Have you got a pen? Have they got a pen? Pernyataan-pernyataan afirmatif bisa menggunakan singkatan dari have got, sebagai contoh I have got some food = I’ve got some food He has got some food = He’s got some food Singkatan negatif sebagai berikut I haven’t got any food = I have not got any food She hasn’t got any food = She has not got any food Have got merupakan bentuk yang agak tidak lazim karena ini merupakan bentuk perfect tense yang belum kita pelajari pada unit-unit sebelumnya. Juga perlu diingat bahwa kata kerja have memiliki banyak kegunaan, tetapi penjelasan diatas hanya untuk kegunaannya sebagai bentuk kepemilikan. Contoh penggunaan dalam percakapan 1 What have you got? I’ve got a new jacket. How about you? I’ve got a some new T-shirts. 2 What do your friends look like? Greg’s got brown hair, glasses and he’s really tall. Cindy’s got blond hair, blue eyes and she’s slim. Let’s meet them together! 3 I’ve got a new apartment. That’s great! What’s it like? Well, it’s got two bedrooms, a big living room and a bathroom. Has it got a nice view? Sure, you can see the ocean from my window. That’s excellent. Kosa kata baru Have = mempunyai have got = mempunyai jacket = jaket T-shirt = T-shirt look like = kelihatan seperti Greg nama anak laki-laki brown = cokelat hair = rambut glasses = gelas Cindy nama anak perempuan blond = pirang Blue = biru eyes = mata slim = ramping meet = bertemu bedroom = kamar tidur living room = ruang tamu bathroom = kamar mandi view = melihat ocean = laut window = jendela Have got and Have Part 1 Penggunaan “have got” dan “have” gak asing lagi dalam penggunaan bahasa Inggris. Nah, di sini bakal dijelasin beberapa bentuk penggunaan dari “have got and have” yang ternyata ada lebih dari satu. Have got dan have biasanya digunakan buat kepemilikan, hubungan, masalah penyakit. Buat kasus-kasus ini, kita bisa pake keduanya, baik itu have got maupun have. Contoh kalimatnya seperti berikut 1a. "We have got a new house." 1b. "We have a new house." [Kami punya sebuah rumah baru.] 2a. "David has got a girlfriend." 2b. "David has a girlfriend." [David mempunyai seorang pacar.] 3a. "I have got a bad cold." 3b. "I have bad cold." [Gue lagi demam parah.] 4a. "She has got a few problems." 4b. "She has a few problems." [Dia mempunyai beberapa masalah.] Penggunaan have got dan have buat kasus-kasus di atas bisa digunakan kapan aja. Konteks kalimat a dan b pun sama, gak ada bedanya. Nah, ada satu hal penting yang mesti kamu tau, untuk kasus-kasus di atas, kita gak bisa pake bentuk continuous misal am having. Misalkan ada kalimat berikut ini "We are enjoying their gig. We have got/ We have a nice spot." [Kita sedang menikmati gig mereka. Kita mendapatkan spot yang bagus] Have got/ have pada kalimat di atas kan menyatakan kepemilikan, itu sebabnya kita gak nulis "We're having a nice spot". Jika kita ingin membentuk kalimat yang menggunakan continuous, bentuk kalimatnya bisa seperti berikut “We are enjoying their gig. We are having a great time.” [Kita sedang menikmati gig mereka. Kita sedang bersenang-senang.] Kalo bentuk seperti kalimat di atas, bentuk “have got” gak bisa dipake. Ok, tadi baru saja dijelaskan penggunaan have got dan have untuk kasus kepemilikan, hubungan; baik keluarga, teman, dll, dan juga masalah penyakit. Untuk kasus penggunaan bentuk continuous seperti having akan dijelaskan di bab lainnya. Dessigning assessment tasks interactive speaking In design assessment tasks of interactive speaking through some process. 1. Interview Interview can vary in lenth from perhaps five to fourty-five minutes, dependig on their purpose and context. Placement interview, designed to get a quick spoken sample from a student in order to verify placement into a course, may need only five minutes if the interviewer is trained to evaluate the output accurately. He suggested that student will perform at their best if they are led through four stages. 1. Warm-up 2. Level check 3. Probe 4. Wind-down 2. Role play Role play is a popular pedagogical activity in communicatve language teaching classes As an assessment device, role play opens some windows of opportunity for test-taker to use discourse that might otherwise be difficult to elicit. 3. Discussions and conversations Discussions may be especially appropriate task through which to elicit and observe such abilities as ; a. Topic nomination, maintenance, and termination b. Attention getting, interrupting, floor holding, control. c. Clarifying, questioning, paraphrasing . d. Comprehension signals nodding, “uh-huh,” hmm “,etc. e. Negotiating meaning f. Intonation pattern for pragmatic effect. g. Kinesic, eye contact, proxemies, body language. h. Politeness, formality, and other sociolinguistic factors. 4. Games Among informal assessment devices are a variety of games that directly involve language production. Consider the following types a. Tinkertoy b. Crossword puzzeles c. Information gap grids. d. City map The benefit of such an informal assessment may not be as much in a sumative evaluation as in its formative nature with wash back for the student. 5. Oral proficienciey interview OPI The OPI is the result of a historical progression of revisions under the auspices of several agencies, including the educational testing service and the american council on teaching foreign language ACTFL